Saxadoon

Cabsida adduunka iyo halista adkaysiga bakteeriyada (Multi-drug resistant bacteria)

Arar

Adduunka maanta dhibaatooyin badan iyo waxyaabo badan oo saamaayn weyn ku leh caafimaadka aadanaha ayaa ku soo badanaya kuwaas oo cabsi iyo walaac badan ku abuuray bulshada caalamka. Sidaan la wada soconno, dunidu maanta waa isku wada xidhan/xiran tahay waxaana hawl yaraaday dhaqdhaqaaqa socdaalka dadka, dhoofinta ama keenista alaabta iyo sanaaciga casriga ah oo wax walba fududeeyey taas oo ay ugu wacan tahay caalamiyeynta ama carra-edegaynta adduunka (effect of globalisation).

Arrimahaasi, waxay fududeeyeen oo suurtogeliyeen in waxyaabaha caafimaadka dadka waxyeellada u geystaa meel walba si hawl yar ku gaadhi karaan sida cudurada faafa iwm.

Waxyaabahaas caafimaadka dadka saamaynta weyn ku leh ee aan xuduuudaha lahayn oo waddan kasta gaadhi karaya waxa ugu halis badan bakteeriyada iyo jeermisyada kale ee cudurada sababa oo aan maanta si fudud lagu daaweyn karin. Sababtana waxa keenay ka dib markii dawooyinkii nooledilayaasha (Antibiotics) ahaa ee lagu daaweyn jiray cudurada caadiga ah, si aan habboonayn loo isticaamalay oo isla markaana loo adeegsaday xanuun walba, mid ay daaweyn karaan iyo mid aanay daaweyn karinba.

Taasina waxay keentay in bakteeriyadii dawooyinkii nooledilayaasha ah u adkaysato oo qabatinto ka dibna waxa xaaladdaasi dhalisay oo abuurtay waxa loo yaqaan kakanaanta bakteeriyada (bacterial resistance). Kakanaanta bakteeriyadu waa habka ay bakteeriyadu isaga caabbido dawooyinka loo isticmaalo inay dilaan oo cudurada daaweeyaan. Caalamka, waxa muddooyinkan dambe aad ugu soo batay bakteeriyooyinka la magac baxay Superbugs. Superbugs (multidrug resistant bacteria), waa noocyo ka mid ah bakteeriyada oo adkaysan badan u yeeshay dawooyinka nooledilayaasha ah intooda badan (>90%).

Arrintaasina, waxay horseeday in dawooyinkii badankoodii aanay sidii ay markii hore wax u daaweeyn jireen in aanay maanta waxba uga tarin cudurada badankooda. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, waxa aad looga cabsanayaa in qof haddii qalliin yar lagu sameeyo ama haddii far dhaawac yari ka gaadho oo meeshii ku bukooto cudur dartii (infection) in la daaweyn kari waayo oo si fudud loo dhiman karo.

Dhanka kale, waxa sanadahan dambe (wixii ka dambeeyey 1980s) aad u yaraaday in la soosaaro dawooyin cusub oo bedeli kara kuwii hore ee waxba tari waayey, kakanaanta bakteeriyada awgeed. Qiimaha lagu maalgeliyo soosaarista dawooyinka iyo macaashka laga helo ayaan inta badan isu dhigmin oo waxa laga yaabaa in faa’iidadu yaraato. Hal dawo inta lagu sameeyaa waxay qaadataa ugu yaraan ilaa laba iyo toban sano (12 years). Waxyaabaha kale ee dib u dhaca ku keenay in la helo dawooyin cusub waxa ka mid ah, waddamada horumaray oo ay ku yar yihiin cudurada faafa iyo cudurada caadiga ahiba oo aan lahayn suuq weyn oo ganacsiga dawooyinka nooledilayaasha ah. Halka waddamada saboolka ahina aanay awoodin dhaqaale iyo farsamo ahaanba, isla markaana iibsan karin dawooyin tayo sare leh.

Waxa laga cabsi qabaa adduunka in sannadkan oo keliya in ilaa 700,000 qof u dhintaan cuduro ay sababeen bakteeriyada kakani. Waddamada galbeedka gaar ahaan USA iyo Yurub ayaa lagu qiyaasay inay ku geeriyoon karaan dad lagu qiyaasay in ka badan 50,000. Haddii la gaadho wixii ka dambeeya 2050, caalamku wuxu ka werwersan yahay in dhibaatooyinka iyo halista ay keenayaan bakteeriyada kakani ama superbugsku in ay sii laba laxaadsanayaan oo khasaaraha dhimashadu gaadhayo sannadkiiba in ka badan 10 milyan (10 million). Halka dhaawaca soo gaadhaya dhinaca dhaqaalaha iyo wax soosaarka lagu qiyaasay inuu noqon doono ilaa $100 trillion.

Si looga hortago, isla markaana looga gaashaanto waxyeellada iyo halista ay keenayaan cudurada aan dawada lahayn iyo bakteeriyada aan la daaweyn karayn ayaa adduunku dedaal weyn ugu jiraa wax ka qabashadooda. Dedaalkaas waxa hormood ka ah laanta caafimaadka adduunka ee WHO.

Dhowaan, ayaa hay’adda WHO waxa ay soosaartay liiska bakteeriyada laga cabsida qabo inay halis geliyaan caafimaadka dadweynaha adduunka, waxana baahisay liiskaas BBCda. Haddaba, Saxadoon.com si ay ula wadaagto liiskaas xirfadlayaasha daryeelka caafimaadka (Healthcare professionals) iyo bulshada Soomaalida intaan arag bayaankaas iyo liiskaas, waxan halkan hoose idiinku soo gudbinaynaa qoraalkaas oo ku qoran luqadda Ingiriisida.

Saxadoon.com, 2017

World's most threatening superbugs ranked in new list
BBC News online, 27 February 2017

The World Health Organization has drawn up a list of the drug-resistant bacteria that pose the biggest threat to human health.

Top of the list are gram-negative bugs, such as E. coli, which can cause lethal bloodstream infections and pneumonia in frail hospital patients.

The list will be discussed ahead of this summer's G20 meeting in Germany.

The aim is to focus the minds of governments on finding new antibiotics to fight hard-to-treat infections.
Experts have repeatedly warned that we are on the cusp of a "post-antibiotic era", where some infections will be untreatable with existing drugs.

Common infections could then spread and kill.

Dr Marie-Paule Kieny from the WHO said antibiotic resistance was reaching "alarming proportions" and yet the drug pipeline was "practically dry".

"We are fast running out of treatment options. If we leave it to market forces alone, the new antibiotics we most urgently need are not going to be developed in time."

The WHO says there is a danger that pharmaceutical companies will develop only treatments that are easier and more profitable to make - the low-hanging fruit.

The focus should be on clinical need instead, says the WHO.

Tuberculosis was not included on the list because the search for new treatments for this infection is already being prioritised.

Experts drew up the list by looking at the current level of drug resistance, global death rates, prevalence of the infections in communities and the burden the diseases cause on health systems.

One of the infections at the top is a bacterium called Klebsiella that has recently developed resistance to a powerful class of antibiotics called carbapenems.

The US recently reported the fatal case of a woman who caught this infection which could not be treated with any of 26 different antibiotics available to her doctors.

The list:

CRITICAL

Acinetobacter baumannii (carbapenem-resistant) - can cause serious chest and blood infections
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (carbapenem-resistant) - can cause serious chest and blood infections
Enterobacteriaceae, including Klebsiella, E. coli, Serratia, and Proteus (carbapenem-resistant, ESBL-producing strains) - can cause serious chest, blood and urine infections

HIGH PRIORITY

Enterococcus faecium (vancomycin-resistant) - can cause serious wound and blood infections
Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-resistant, vancomycin-intermediate and resistant) - can cause serious chest, blood, urine and wound infections
Helicobacter pylori (clarithromycin-resistant) - infection linked to stomach ulcers
Campylobacter spp. (fluoroquinolone-resistant) - can cause diarrhoeal disease and bloodstream infections
Salmonellae (fluoroquinolone-resistant) - can cause diarrhoeal disease and blood poisoning
Neisseria gonorrhoeae (cephalosporin-resistant, fluoroquinolone-resistant) - a sexually transmitted infection that can cause infertility and, rarely, can spread to the blood and joints

MEDIUM PRIORITY

Streptococcus pneumoniae (penicillin-non-susceptible) - can cause serious chest infections and meningitis as well as blood poisoning
Haemophilus influenzae (ampicillin-resistant) - can cause serious chest infections and meningitis as well as blood poisoning and skin and joint infections
Shigella spp. (fluoroquinolone-resistant) - a diarrhoeal disease that can lead to serious complications, including kidney failure

Source: BBC/WHO